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Vol. 19. Issue 7.
Pages 374-378 (August - September 2023)
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Vol. 19. Issue 7.
Pages 374-378 (August - September 2023)
Original Article
High frequency of gastrointestinal complaints, but insignificant prevalence of gluten-sensitive enteropathies in Brazilian fibromyalgia patients
Alta frecuencia de molestias gastrointestinales, pero prevalencia insignificante de enteropatías sensibles al gluten en pacientes brasileños con fibromialgia
Caio Bosquiero Zanettia, Marco Antônio Gonçalves Pontesa, Eduardo Guimarães Hourneaux de Mourab, Diogo Souza Domicianoa,
Corresponding author
a Division of Rheumatology, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
b Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Unity, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Tables (2)
Table 1. Clinical features of the subjects.
Table 2. FIQ and PDS scales according to presence of gastrointestinal symptoms.
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Abstract
Introduction/Objectives

Coeliac disease (CD) and non-coeliac gluten sensitivity (NCGS) cause symptoms like those seen in patients with fibromyalgia (FM) and functional gastrointestinal disorders. There is no consistent data on frequency of these symptoms and no study performed duodenal biopsies to investigate CD/NCGS in Brazilian FM patients. Therefore, we sought to verify the prevalence of CD/NCGS in FM patients and the association between gastrointestinal manifestations and FM symptoms.

Material and methods

Sixty-two individuals with FM (ACR2010) were recruited from FM outpatient clinics of a tertiary hospital. Clinical evaluation included the Widespread Pain Index (WPI), Severity Symptom Scale (SS), Polysymptomatic Distress Scale (PDS), and Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ). Subjects were screened for the presence of coeliac antibodies and upper gastrointestinal endoscopy (duodenal biopsies) was performed for diagnosis of CD/NCGS.

Results

46 (74.2%) women reported at least one digestive symptom: constipation, abdominal distension, loss of weight/inappetence, and nausea/vomiting. Fourteen (31.8%) presented macroscopic duodenitis and 2(4.5%) had duodenal lymphocytic infiltrates, but none met CD criteria. In 1(1.6%) patient NCGS was confirmed. There was association between presence of any digestive symptom and WPI and SS (fatigue, waking up tired, cognition), but no difference on FIQ between patients with and without gastrointestinal symptoms.

Conclusion

Gastrointestinal complaints were frequent and associated with increased degree of polysymptomatic distress in FM patients, but presence of these symptoms was not related to overall impact of FM over different dimensions of the patient's life. Moreover, the prevalence of CD/NCGS was very low. This suggests that screening for CD in Brazilian FM patients might not be cost-effective, since the frequency of CD/NCGS was very low.

Keywords:
Fibromyalgia
Coeliac disease
Gastrointestinal
Gluten sensitivity
Duodenitis
Resumen
Introducción/Objetivos

La enfermedad celíaca (EC) y la sensibilidad al gluten no celíaca (SGNC) causan síntomas similares a los observados en pacientes con fibromialgia (FM) y trastornos gastrointestinales funcionales. Ningún estudio realizó biopsias duodenales para investigar EC/SGNC en pacientes brasileños con FM. Por lo tanto, buscamos verificar la prevalencia de EC/SGNC en pacientes con FM y la asociación entre manifestaciones gastrointestinales y síntomas de FM.

Material y métodos

Sesenta y dos mujeres con FM (ACR2010) fueron reclutadas de las consultas de FM de un hospital terciario. La evaluación incluyó el índice de dolor generalizado (IDG), la escala de gravedad de síntomas (SS), la escala de angustia polisintomática (EAP) y el cuestionario de impacto de la fibromialgia (FIQ). Los sujetos fueron examinados para la presencia de anticuerpos celíacos y se realizó una endoscopia gastrointestinal superior (biopsias duodenales) para el diagnóstico de EC/SGNC. Se investigaron las asociaciones estadísticas entre las molestias gastrointestinales y los síntomas de FM (p<0,05).

Resultados

Un total de 46 (74,2%) mujeres refirieron al menos un síntoma digestivo: estreñimiento, distensión abdominal, pérdida de peso/inapetencia y náuseas/vómitos. Catorce (31,8%) presentaban duodenitis macroscópica y 2 (4,5%) infiltrados linfocíticos duodenales, pero ninguno cumplía criterios de EC. En un (1,6%) paciente se confirmó SGNC. Hubo asociación entre la presencia de síntoma digestivo y IDG y SS (fatiga, despertarse cansado, cognición), pero no hubo diferencia en FIQ entre pacientes con y sin síntomas gastrointestinales.

Conclusión

A pesar de la alta prevalencia de síntomas digestivos y su asociación con el grado de amplificación del dolor central, la frecuencia de EC/SGNC fue insignificante. Además, no se observaron diferencias en el impacto de la FM en la calidad de vida (FIQ) en pacientes con y sin síntomas gastrointestinales.

Palabras clave:
Fibromialgia
Enfermedad celíaca
Gastrointestinal
Sensibilidad al gluten
Duodenitis

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