array:24 [
  "pii" => "S2173574324000856"
  "issn" => "21735743"
  "doi" => "10.1016/j.reumae.2024.06.001"
  "estado" => "S300"
  "fechaPublicacion" => "2024-08-01"
  "aid" => "1757"
  "copyright" => "Elsevier España, S.L.U. and Sociedad Española de Reumatología y Colegio Mexicano de Reumatología"
  "copyrightAnyo" => "2024"
  "documento" => "simple-article"
  "crossmark" => 1
  "subdocumento" => "crp"
  "cita" => "Reumatol Clin. 2024;20:398-400"
  "abierto" => array:3 [
    "ES" => false
    "ES2" => false
    "LATM" => false
  ]
  "gratuito" => false
  "lecturas" => array:1 [
    "total" => 0
  ]
  "Traduccion" => array:1 [
    "es" => array:19 [
      "pii" => "S1699258X24000275"
      "issn" => "1699258X"
      "doi" => "10.1016/j.reuma.2024.03.001"
      "estado" => "S300"
      "fechaPublicacion" => "2024-08-01"
      "aid" => "1757"
      "copyright" => "Elsevier España, S.L.U. and Sociedad Española de Reumatología y Colegio Mexicano de Reumatología"
      "documento" => "simple-article"
      "crossmark" => 1
      "subdocumento" => "crp"
      "cita" => "Reumatol Clin. 2024;20:398-400"
      "abierto" => array:3 [
        "ES" => false
        "ES2" => false
        "LATM" => false
      ]
      "gratuito" => false
      "lecturas" => array:1 [
        "total" => 0
      ]
      "es" => array:13 [
        "idiomaDefecto" => true
        "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Caso cl&#237;nico</span>"
        "titulo" => "Autoinmunidad en pacientes con errores innatos de la inmunidad&#58; serie de casos"
        "tienePdf" => "es"
        "tieneTextoCompleto" => "es"
        "tieneResumen" => array:2 [
          0 => "es"
          1 => "en"
        ]
        "paginas" => array:1 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "paginaInicial" => "398"
            "paginaFinal" => "400"
          ]
        ]
        "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
          "en" => array:1 [
            "titulo" => "Autoimmunity in patients with inborn errors of immunity&#58; A case series"
          ]
        ]
        "contieneResumen" => array:2 [
          "es" => true
          "en" => true
        ]
        "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [
          "es" => true
        ]
        "contienePdf" => array:1 [
          "es" => true
        ]
        "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [
          "original" => 0
          "multimedia" => array:7 [
            "identificador" => "fig0005"
            "etiqueta" => "Figura 1"
            "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
            "mostrarFloat" => true
            "mostrarDisplay" => false
            "figura" => array:1 [
              0 => array:4 [
                "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg"
                "Alto" => 863
                "Ancho" => 2083
                "Tamanyo" => 148318
              ]
            ]
            "descripcion" => array:1 [
              "es" => "<p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Distribuci&#243;n de los errores innatos de la inmunidad&#46;</p>"
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "autores" => array:1 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "autoresLista" => "Mariana Gamboa Esp&#237;ndola, Eduardo Mart&#237;n-Nares, Gabriela Hern&#225;ndez Molina"
            "autores" => array:3 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "nombre" => "Mariana"
                "apellidos" => "Gamboa Esp&#237;ndola"
              ]
              1 => array:2 [
                "nombre" => "Eduardo"
                "apellidos" => "Mart&#237;n-Nares"
              ]
              2 => array:2 [
                "nombre" => "Gabriela"
                "apellidos" => "Hern&#225;ndez Molina"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "idiomaDefecto" => "es"
      "Traduccion" => array:1 [
        "en" => array:9 [
          "pii" => "S2173574324000856"
          "doi" => "10.1016/j.reumae.2024.06.001"
          "estado" => "S300"
          "subdocumento" => ""
          "abierto" => array:3 [
            "ES" => false
            "ES2" => false
            "LATM" => false
          ]
          "gratuito" => false
          "lecturas" => array:1 [
            "total" => 0
          ]
          "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
          "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2173574324000856?idApp=UINPBA00004M"
        ]
      ]
      "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S1699258X24000275?idApp=UINPBA00004M"
      "url" => "/1699258X/0000002000000007/v1_202408020533/S1699258X24000275/v1_202408020533/es/main.assets"
    ]
  ]
  "itemSiguiente" => array:18 [
    "pii" => "S2173574324001011"
    "issn" => "21735743"
    "doi" => "10.1016/j.reumae.2024.07.009"
    "estado" => "S300"
    "fechaPublicacion" => "2024-08-01"
    "aid" => "1775"
    "copyright" => "Elsevier Espa&#241;a&#44; S&#46;L&#46;U&#46; and Sociedad Espa&#241;ola de Reumatolog&#237;a y Colegio Mexicano de Reumatolog&#237;a"
    "documento" => "simple-article"
    "crossmark" => 1
    "subdocumento" => "cor"
    "cita" => "Reumatol Clin. 2024;20:401"
    "abierto" => array:3 [
      "ES" => false
      "ES2" => false
      "LATM" => false
    ]
    "gratuito" => false
    "lecturas" => array:1 [
      "total" => 0
    ]
    "en" => array:10 [
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
      "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Letter to the Editor</span>"
      "titulo" => "Cytokine storm in Chikungunya&#58; Correspondence"
      "tienePdf" => "en"
      "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en"
      "paginas" => array:1 [
        0 => array:1 [
          "paginaInicial" => "401"
        ]
      ]
      "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
        "es" => array:1 [
          "titulo" => "Tormenta de citoquinas en Chikungunya&#58; Correspondencia"
        ]
      ]
      "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [
        "en" => true
      ]
      "contienePdf" => array:1 [
        "en" => true
      ]
      "autores" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "autoresLista" => "H&#46; Daungsupawong, V&#46; Wiwanitkit"
          "autores" => array:2 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "H&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Daungsupawong"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "V&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Wiwanitkit"
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
    "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2173574324001011?idApp=UINPBA00004M"
    "url" => "/21735743/0000002000000007/v1_202408190635/S2173574324001011/v1_202408190635/en/main.assets"
  ]
  "itemAnterior" => array:19 [
    "pii" => "S2173574324001096"
    "issn" => "21735743"
    "doi" => "10.1016/j.reumae.2024.07.010"
    "estado" => "S300"
    "fechaPublicacion" => "2024-08-01"
    "aid" => "1776"
    "copyright" => "Elsevier Espa&#241;a&#44; S&#46;L&#46;U&#46; and Sociedad Espa&#241;ola de Reumatolog&#237;a y Colegio Mexicano de Reumatolog&#237;a"
    "documento" => "article"
    "crossmark" => 1
    "subdocumento" => "fla"
    "cita" => "Reumatol Clin. 2024;20:392-7"
    "abierto" => array:3 [
      "ES" => false
      "ES2" => false
      "LATM" => false
    ]
    "gratuito" => false
    "lecturas" => array:1 [
      "total" => 0
    ]
    "en" => array:13 [
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
      "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Special Article</span>"
      "titulo" => "Management&#44; development and methodology of the Clinical Practice Guidelines and Recommendations of the Spanish Society of Rheumatology"
      "tienePdf" => "en"
      "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en"
      "tieneResumen" => array:2 [
        0 => "en"
        1 => "es"
      ]
      "paginas" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "paginaInicial" => "392"
          "paginaFinal" => "397"
        ]
      ]
      "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
        "es" => array:1 [
          "titulo" => "Gesti&#243;n&#44; desarrollo y metodolog&#237;a de las Gu&#237;as de Pr&#225;ctica Cl&#237;nica y Recomendaciones de la Sociedad Espa&#241;ola de Reumatolog&#237;a"
        ]
      ]
      "contieneResumen" => array:2 [
        "en" => true
        "es" => true
      ]
      "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [
        "en" => true
      ]
      "contienePdf" => array:1 [
        "en" => true
      ]
      "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [
        "original" => 0
        "multimedia" => array:8 [
          "identificador" => "fig0005"
          "etiqueta" => "Fig&#46; 1"
          "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
          "mostrarFloat" => true
          "mostrarDisplay" => false
          "figura" => array:1 [
            0 => array:4 [
              "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg"
              "Alto" => 1216
              "Ancho" => 1445
              "Tamanyo" => 154856
            ]
          ]
          "detalles" => array:1 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "at0015"
              "detalle" => "Fig&#46; "
              "rol" => "short"
            ]
          ]
          "descripcion" => array:1 [
            "en" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Preparation phases of a CPG or recommendation document&#46;</p>"
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "autores" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "autoresLista" => "Petra D&#237;az del Campo Fontecha, Noe Brito-Garc&#237;a, Mercedes Guerra-Rodr&#237;guez, Silvia Herrera-L&#243;pez, Federico D&#237;az-Gonz&#225;lez"
          "autores" => array:5 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Petra"
              "apellidos" => "D&#237;az del Campo Fontecha"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Noe"
              "apellidos" => "Brito-Garc&#237;a"
            ]
            2 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Mercedes"
              "apellidos" => "Guerra-Rodr&#237;guez"
            ]
            3 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Silvia"
              "apellidos" => "Herrera-L&#243;pez"
            ]
            4 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Federico"
              "apellidos" => "D&#237;az-Gonz&#225;lez"
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
    "Traduccion" => array:1 [
      "es" => array:9 [
        "pii" => "S1699258X24000706"
        "doi" => "10.1016/j.reuma.2024.06.002"
        "estado" => "S300"
        "subdocumento" => ""
        "abierto" => array:3 [
          "ES" => false
          "ES2" => false
          "LATM" => false
        ]
        "gratuito" => false
        "lecturas" => array:1 [
          "total" => 0
        ]
        "idiomaDefecto" => "es"
        "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S1699258X24000706?idApp=UINPBA00004M"
      ]
    ]
    "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2173574324001096?idApp=UINPBA00004M"
    "url" => "/21735743/0000002000000007/v1_202408190635/S2173574324001096/v1_202408190635/en/main.assets"
  ]
  "en" => array:19 [
    "idiomaDefecto" => true
    "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Case Report</span>"
    "titulo" => "Autoimmunity in patients with inborn errors of immunity&#58; A case series"
    "tieneTextoCompleto" => true
    "paginas" => array:1 [
      0 => array:2 [
        "paginaInicial" => "398"
        "paginaFinal" => "400"
      ]
    ]
    "autores" => array:1 [
      0 => array:4 [
        "autoresLista" => "Mariana Gamboa Esp&#237;ndola, Eduardo Mart&#237;n-Nares, Gabriela Hern&#225;ndez Molina"
        "autores" => array:3 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "Mariana"
            "apellidos" => "Gamboa Esp&#237;ndola"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0005"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          1 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "Eduardo"
            "apellidos" => "Mart&#237;n-Nares"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0010"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          2 => array:4 [
            "nombre" => "Gabriela"
            "apellidos" => "Hern&#225;ndez Molina"
            "email" => array:1 [
              0 => "gabyhm@yahoo.com"
            ]
            "referencia" => array:2 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0010"
              ]
              1 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span>"
                "identificador" => "cor0005"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "afiliaciones" => array:2 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "entidad" => "Departamento de Medicina Interna&#44; Instituto Nacional de Ciencias M&#233;dicas y Nutrici&#243;n Salvador Zubir&#225;n&#44; Mexico City&#44; Mexico"
            "etiqueta" => "a"
            "identificador" => "aff0005"
          ]
          1 => array:3 [
            "entidad" => "Departamento de Inmunolog&#237;a y Reumatolog&#237;a&#44; Instituto Nacional de Ciencias M&#233;dicas y Nutrici&#243;n Salvador Zubir&#225;n&#46; Mexico City&#44; Mexico"
            "etiqueta" => "b"
            "identificador" => "aff0010"
          ]
        ]
        "correspondencia" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "cor0005"
            "etiqueta" => "&#8270;"
            "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author&#46;"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
      "es" => array:1 [
        "titulo" => "Autoinmunidad en pacientes con errores innatos de la inmunidad&#58; serie de casos"
      ]
    ]
    "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [
      "original" => 0
      "multimedia" => array:8 [
        "identificador" => "fig0005"
        "etiqueta" => "Fig&#46; 1"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg"
            "Alto" => 871
            "Ancho" => 2100
            "Tamanyo" => 155914
          ]
        ]
        "detalles" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "at0005"
            "detalle" => "Fig&#46; "
            "rol" => "short"
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Distribution of inborn errors of immunity&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0065">Introduction</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Inborn errors of immunity &#40;IEI&#41; encompass inherited disorders of the function and regulation of the immune system characterised by increased susceptibility to infections&#44; autoinflammation&#44; lymphoproliferation&#44; granuloma formation&#44; atopy and malignancy&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;2</span></a> While these patients have been reported to be prone to autoimmunity&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> this has been focused on a specific IEI&#46;</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">With respect to organ-specific autoimmunity&#44; in a cohort of 562 patients with IEI&#44; 6&#37; had some autoimmune cytopenia&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> In contrast&#44; there have been only one-off reports of systemic autoimmunity&#46;</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This study has assessed the prevalence of systemic and organ-specific autoimmunity in a cohort of adult patients with IEI&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">Material and methods</span><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A retrospective case series of subjects with IEI following the classification of the Committee of Experts of the International Union of Immunological Societies<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> who attended a tertiary public healthcare centre between January 2006 and March 2023 and who had a complete clinical record available for review&#46; Demographic variables&#44; type of immunodeficiency&#44; duration&#44; organ-specific autoimmunity &#40;thyroid&#44; hepatic&#44; renal&#44; dermatological&#44; endocrinological&#44; neurological&#44; and haematological&#41;&#44; systemic autoimmunity&#44; and time of debut were all recorded&#46; Descriptive statistics were used based on the distribution of the variables&#46; The study was approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee&#46;</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Forty-eight patients &#40;26 males&#44; 54&#46;1&#37;&#41; with IEI&#44; mean current age of 32&#46;1&#8239;&#177;&#8239;13 years&#44; and mean time of evolution of 16&#46;9&#8239;&#177;&#8239;9&#46;1 years were identified and collected&#46; The most frequent IEIs were combined immunodeficiency with syndromic features &#40;31&#46;2&#37;&#41; and predominantly antibody deficiency &#40;20&#46;1&#37;&#41; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We documented systemic and&#47; or organ-specific autoimmunity in 15 patients &#40;31&#46;2&#37;&#41;&#44; 12 of which were organ-specific and five were systemic&#59; these groups were not mutually exclusive&#46;</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Organ-specific autoimmunity preceded the IEI in five cases &#40;median 7 years&#44; range 1&#8211;19&#41;&#44; was concomitant in one&#44; and posterior in six &#40;median 4 years&#44; range 1&#8211;17&#41;&#46; We observed immune thrombocytopenia &#40;n&#8239;&#61;&#8239;3&#41;&#44; autoimmune thyroid disease &#40;n&#8239;&#61;&#8239;5&#41;&#44; alopecia areata &#40;n&#8239;&#61;&#8239;1&#41;&#44; vitiligo &#40;n&#8239;&#61;&#8239;2&#41;&#44; morphea &#40;n&#8239;&#61;&#8239;1&#41;&#44; autoimmune hepatitis &#40;n&#8239;&#61;&#8239;1&#41;&#44; ulcerative colitis &#40;n&#8239;&#61;&#8239;1&#41;&#44; Evans syndrome &#40;n&#8239;&#61;&#8239;2&#41;&#44; pernicious anaemia &#40;n&#8239;&#61;&#8239;1&#41;&#44; and myasthenia gravis &#40;n&#8239;&#61;&#8239;1&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Of the participants with systemic autoimmunity&#44; we detected polyarteritis nodosa &#40;PAN&#41; &#40;n&#8239;&#61;&#8239;2&#41;&#44; antiphospholipid syndrome &#40;APS&#41; &#40;n&#8239;&#61;&#8239;2&#41;&#44; and limited systemic sclerosis&#47; SAF&#47; Sj&#246;gren&#39;s syndrome &#40;SS&#41; overlap &#40;n&#8239;&#61;&#8239;1&#41;&#59; in all of them&#44; it was following the IEI &#40;median 8 years&#44; range 1&#8211;33 years&#41;&#46; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Tabla 1</a> displays the patient characteristics&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Discussion</span><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The CEREDIH registry &#40;n&#8239;&#61;&#8239;2183&#41; of IEI has documented autoimmune disorders in 26&#46;2&#37; of the patients&#44; with the risk of autoimmune disease being 10 times greater than in the general population&#44; and higher in common variable immunodeficiency &#40;CVID&#41; and T<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> cell deficiency&#46; The USIDNET cohort of individuals with CVID &#40;n&#8239;&#61;&#8239;870&#41; reported autoimmunity in 5&#46;9&#37;&#44; most frequently affecting females and non-whites&#44; and not associated with CD19&#43; B-lymphocyte count&#44; CD4&#47; CD8 ratio or serum immunoglobulins&#46; Most had inflammatory arthritis &#40;n&#8239;&#61;&#8239;18&#41; and SS &#40;n&#8239;&#61;&#8239;11&#41;&#44; followed by lupus and vasculitis&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> Other studies have indicated a prevalence rate of rheumatoid arthritis and juvenile idiopathic arthritis in CVID of 1&#8211;5&#37;&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6&#8211;8</span></a> and there are isolated cases with inflammatory myopathies and relapsing polychondritis&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a> In primary antibody deficiencies &#40;CVID and other conditions&#41;&#44; up to 16&#37; of patients present with spondyloarthritis-like arthritis or enteropathic arthritis&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> whereas in autoimmune polyendocrinopathy with candidiasis and ectodermal dystrophy&#44; SS is most common&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a> As for organ-specific autoimmunity in CVID&#44; gastrointestinal and haematological autoimmunity &#40;haemolytic anaemia&#44; thrombocytopenia&#44; neutropenia&#44; and pernicious anaemia&#41; are the predominant manifestations&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6&#44;10</span></a></p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In our study involving a variety of IEIs&#44; we documented 31&#46;2&#37; of systemic and&#47; or organ-specific autoimmunity&#46; The time of onset was variable in the organ-specific autoimmunity group but was after the diagnosis of IEI in all cases of systemic autoimmunity&#46; Our case series exhibited PFS and PAN more frequently&#44; in contrast to the literature&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Conclusion</span><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Our findings corroborate the coexistence of autoimmunity in individuals with IEI&#46; This co-existence may be due to an immunological alteration of B and T cells&#44; or to an alteration of the microbiota&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">Funding</span><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This research has received no specific grants from public-sector agencies&#44; the commercial sector&#44; or from non-profit organisations&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0090">Conflict of interests</span><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors have no conflict of interests to declare&#46;</p></span></span>"
    "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [
      "secciones" => array:11 [
        0 => array:3 [
          "identificador" => "xres2225917"
          "titulo" => "Abstract"
          "secciones" => array:4 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "abst0005"
              "titulo" => "Objective"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "abst0010"
              "titulo" => "Methods"
            ]
            2 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "abst0015"
              "titulo" => "Results"
            ]
            3 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "abst0020"
              "titulo" => "Conclusion"
            ]
          ]
        ]
        1 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1864098"
          "titulo" => "Keywords"
        ]
        2 => array:3 [
          "identificador" => "xres2225918"
          "titulo" => "Resumen"
          "secciones" => array:4 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "abst0025"
              "titulo" => "Objetivo"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "abst0030"
              "titulo" => "M&#233;todos"
            ]
            2 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "abst0035"
              "titulo" => "Resultados"
            ]
            3 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "abst0040"
              "titulo" => "Conclusi&#243;n"
            ]
          ]
        ]
        3 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1864097"
          "titulo" => "Palabras clave"
        ]
        4 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0005"
          "titulo" => "Introduction"
        ]
        5 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0010"
          "titulo" => "Material and methods"
        ]
        6 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0015"
          "titulo" => "Discussion"
        ]
        7 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0020"
          "titulo" => "Conclusion"
        ]
        8 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0025"
          "titulo" => "Funding"
        ]
        9 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0030"
          "titulo" => "Conflict of interests"
        ]
        10 => array:1 [
          "titulo" => "References"
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf"
    "tienePdf" => true
    "fechaRecibido" => "2023-10-02"
    "fechaAceptado" => "2024-03-10"
    "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [
      "en" => array:1 [
        0 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Keywords"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1864098"
          "palabras" => array:4 [
            0 => "Primary immunodeficiency"
            1 => "Autoimmunity"
            2 => "Systemic autoimmunity"
            3 => "Innate immunity disorder"
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "es" => array:1 [
        0 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Palabras clave"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1864097"
          "palabras" => array:4 [
            0 => "Inmunodeficiencia primaria"
            1 => "Autoinmunidad"
            2 => "Autoinmunidad sist&#233;mica"
            3 => "Errores innatos de la inmunidad"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "tieneResumen" => true
    "resumen" => array:2 [
      "en" => array:3 [
        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Objective</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">To assess the prevalence of systemic and organ-specific autoimmunity among individuals with human inborn errors of immunity &#40;IEI&#41;&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Methods</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Retrospective study&#46; We recorded demographic variables&#44; type of immunodeficiency&#44; and systemic and organ specific autoimmunity&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Results</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">We included 48 patients &#40;54&#46;1&#37; men&#41; with mean age of 32&#46;1 years&#46; The most common IEIs included combined immunodeficiency with syndromic features &#40;31&#46;2&#37;&#41; and predominantly antibody deficiency &#40;20&#46;1&#37;&#41;&#46; We observed autoimmunity in 15 patients &#40;31&#46;2&#37;&#41;&#58; 12 organ-specific autoimmunity and 5 systemic autoimmunity&#44; not mutually exclusive groups&#46; Organ-specific autoimmunity preceded the onset of IEI in 5 patients&#44; was concurrent in one patient&#44; and developed after the diagnosis of IEI in 6 cases&#46; From the systemic autoimmunity group&#44; we observed polyarteritis nodosa &#40;n&#8239;&#61;&#8239;2&#41;&#44; antiphospholipid syndrome &#40;APS&#41; &#40;n&#8239;&#61;&#8239;2&#41;&#44; and overlap of limited systemic sclerosis&#47;APS&#47;Sj&#246;gren&#39;s syndrome &#40;n&#8239;&#61;&#8239;1&#41;&#44; and in all cases&#44; this occurred after the IEI diagnosis&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Conclusion</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Our findings confirm the coexistence of autoimmunity and IEI&#46; This overlap may be attributed to B and T cell disorders&#44; as well as potential alterations in the microbiota in these patients&#46;</p></span>"
        "secciones" => array:4 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0005"
            "titulo" => "Objective"
          ]
          1 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0010"
            "titulo" => "Methods"
          ]
          2 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0015"
            "titulo" => "Results"
          ]
          3 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0020"
            "titulo" => "Conclusion"
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "es" => array:3 [
        "titulo" => "Resumen"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Objetivo</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Evaluar la prevalencia de autoinmunidad sist&#233;mica e inmunidad &#243;rgano-espec&#237;fica en pacientes con errores innatos de la inmunidad &#40;EII&#41; en un centro de tercer nivel de atenci&#243;n&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">M&#233;todos</span><p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Estudio retrospectivo&#46; Se registraron variables demogr&#225;ficas&#44; tipo de inmunodeficiencia&#44; y autoinmunidad &#243;rgano-espec&#237;fica y sist&#233;mica&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Resultados</span><p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se incluyeron 48 pacientes &#40;54&#46;1&#37; hombres&#41; con edad promedio de 32&#46;1 a&#241;os&#46; Las EIIs m&#225;s frecuente fueron inmunodeficiencia combinada con caracter&#237;sticas sindr&#243;micas &#40;31&#46;2&#37;&#41; y deficiencia predominantemente de anticuerpos &#40;20&#46;1&#37;&#41;&#46; Documentamos autoinmunidad en 15 pacientes &#40;31&#46;2&#37;&#41;&#58; 12 &#243;rgano-espec&#237;fica y 5 sist&#233;mica&#44; grupos no mutuamente excluyentes&#46; La autoinmunidad &#243;rgano-espec&#237;fica precedi&#243; en 5 pacientes a la EII&#44; en 1 fue concomitante y en 6 posterior&#46; Del grupo de autoinmunidad sist&#233;mica observamos poliarteritis nodosa &#40;n&#8239;&#61;&#8239;2&#41;&#44; s&#237;ndrome antifosfol&#237;pido &#40;SAF&#41; &#40;n&#8239;&#61;&#8239;2&#41; y sobreposici&#243;n esclerosis sist&#233;mica limitada&#47;SAF&#47;S&#237;ndrome de Sj&#246;gren &#40;n&#8239;&#61;&#8239;1&#41;&#44; y en todos fue posterior a la EII&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Conclusi&#243;n</span><p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Nuestros hallazgos apoyan la coexistencia de autoinmunidad en EII&#46; Esta coexistencia podr&#237;a deberse a una alteraci&#243;n inmunol&#243;gica en c&#233;lulas B y T&#44; as&#237; como al posible papel de una microbiota alterada en estos pacientes&#46;</p></span>"
        "secciones" => array:4 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0025"
            "titulo" => "Objetivo"
          ]
          1 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0030"
            "titulo" => "M&#233;todos"
          ]
          2 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0035"
            "titulo" => "Resultados"
          ]
          3 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0040"
            "titulo" => "Conclusi&#243;n"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "multimedia" => array:2 [
      0 => array:8 [
        "identificador" => "fig0005"
        "etiqueta" => "Fig&#46; 1"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg"
            "Alto" => 871
            "Ancho" => 2100
            "Tamanyo" => 155914
          ]
        ]
        "detalles" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "at0005"
            "detalle" => "Fig&#46; "
            "rol" => "short"
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Distribution of inborn errors of immunity&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      1 => array:8 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0005"
        "etiqueta" => "Table 1"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "detalles" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "at0010"
            "detalle" => "Table "
            "rol" => "short"
          ]
        ]
        "tabla" => array:2 [
          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">ANA&#58; antinuclear antibodies&#59; AZA&#58; azathioprine&#59; CFM&#58; cyclophosphamide&#59; MMF&#58; mycophenolate mofetil&#59; PAN&#58; polyarteritis nodosa&#59; PDN&#58; prednisone&#59; RTX&#58; rituximab&#59; SAF&#58; antiphospholipid syndrome&#59; SS&#58; Sj&#246;gren&#8217;s syndrome&#46;</p>"
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Patient&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Classification of immunodeficiency&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Specific immunodeficiency&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Systemic disease&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Serology&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Treatment&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Disease activity&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Predominantly antibody defects&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Common variable immunodeficiency&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">PAN&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">None performed&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">PDN&#44; CFM&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Remission&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Congenital defects of phagocytic function or number of phagocytes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Chronic granulomatous disease&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Thrombotic SAF&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Anti-&#946;2- glycoprotein I IgM&#43;&#44; anti-cardiolipin IgM&#43;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Anticoagulation&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Stable&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Immunodeficiency combined with syndromic features&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Hyper-IgE syndrome&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">PAN&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">None performed&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">PDN&#44; MMF&#44; IVIg&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Remission&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Immunodeficiency combined with syndromic features&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Velocardiofacial syndrome&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Haematological SAF &#40;Evans syndrome&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Anticardiolipin IgM&#43;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">PDN&#44; AZA&#44; RTX&#44; splenectomy&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Partial remission&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Congenital defects of phagocytic function or number of phagocytes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">GATA 2 deficiency&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Limited systemic sclerosis&#47; obstetric SAF&#47; SS&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">ANA&#43;&#44; anti-centromere&#43;&#44; anti-Ro&#43;&#44; anti- &#946;2-glycoprotein I IgM&#43;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Calcium antagonists&#44; oral lubricants&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Stable&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
              "imagenFichero" => array:1 [
                0 => "xTab3627842.png"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Patients with inborn errors of immunity and systemic autoimmune diseases&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "bibliografia" => array:2 [
      "titulo" => "References"
      "seccion" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "bibs0005"
          "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:10 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0005"
              "etiqueta" => "1"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "The 2022 update of IUIS phenotypical classification for human inborn errors of immunity"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "A&#46; Bousfiha"
                            1 => "A&#46; Moundir"
                            2 => "S&#46;G&#46; Tangye"
                            3 => "C&#46; Picard"
                            4 => "L&#46; Jeddane"
                            5 => "W&#46; Al-Herz"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1007/s10875-022-01352-z"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Clin Immunol"
                        "fecha" => "2022"
                        "volumen" => "42"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1508"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1520"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36198931"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            1 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0010"
              "etiqueta" => "2"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Autoimmune cytopenias are highly associated with inborn errors of immunity and they may be the initial presentations in cases without severe infections"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "R&#46; Taskin"
                            1 => "E&#46; Topyildiz"
                            2 => "N&#46; Karaca"
                            3 => "G&#46; Aksu"
                            4 => "D&#46; Karapinar"
                            5 => "N&#46; Kutukculer"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1159/000535258"
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Int Arch Allergy Immunol"
                        "fecha" => "2023"
                        "volumen" => "28"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1"
                        "paginaFinal" => "10"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            2 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0015"
              "etiqueta" => "3"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Rheumatologic diseases in patients with inborn errors of immunity in the USIDNET registry"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "N&#46; Padem"
                            1 => "H&#46; Wright"
                            2 => "R&#46; Fuleihan"
                            3 => "E&#46; Garabedian"
                            4 => "D&#46; Suez"
                            5 => "C&#46; Cunningham-Rundles"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1007/s10067-021-06044-4"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Clin Rheumatol"
                        "fecha" => "2022"
                        "volumen" => "41"
                        "paginaInicial" => "2197"
                        "paginaFinal" => "2203"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35099673"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            3 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0020"
              "etiqueta" => "4"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Autoimmune and inflammatory manifestations occur frequently in primary immunodeficiencies"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:3 [
                          "colaboracion" => "the members of the CEREDIH French PID study group"
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "A&#46; Fischer"
                            1 => "J&#46; Provot"
                            2 => "J&#46;-P&#46; Jais"
                            3 => "A&#46; Alcais"
                            4 => "N&#46; Mahlaoui"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.jaci.2016.12.978"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Allergy Clin Immunol"
                        "fecha" => "2017"
                        "volumen" => "140"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1388"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1393&#46;e8"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28192146"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            4 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0025"
              "etiqueta" => "5"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Phenotypic characterization of patients with rheumatologic manifestations of common variable immunodeficiency"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:3 [
                          "colaboracion" => "the USIDNET Consortium&#44; and Bingham I"
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "M&#46; Gutierrez"
                            1 => "K&#46; Sullivan"
                            2 => "R&#46; Fuleihan"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Sem Arthritis Rheum"
                        "fecha" => "2018"
                        "volumen" => "48"
                        "paginaInicial" => "318"
                        "paginaFinal" => "326"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            5 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0030"
              "etiqueta" => "6"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Rheumatologic complications in a cohort of 227 patients with common variable immunodeficiency"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "G&#46; Azizi"
                            1 => "F&#46; Kiaee"
                            2 => "E&#46; Hedayat"
                            3 => "R&#46; Yazdani"
                            4 => "E&#46; Dolatshahi"
                            5 => "T&#46; Alinia"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1111/sji.12663"
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Scand J Immunol"
                        "fecha" => "2018"
                        "volumen" => "87"
                        "paginaInicial" => "e12663"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29574865"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            6 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0035"
              "etiqueta" => "7"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Primary antibody deficiency-associated arthritis shares features with spondyloarthritis and enteropathic arthritis"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "N&#46; Pott"
                            1 => "F&#46; Atschekzei"
                            2 => "C&#46; Pott"
                            3 => "D&#46; Ernst"
                            4 => "T&#46; Witte"
                            5 => "G&#46; Sogkas"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1136/rmdopen-2022-002664"
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "RMD Open"
                        "fecha" => "2022"
                        "volumen" => "8"
                        "paginaInicial" => "e002664"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36583733"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            7 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0040"
              "etiqueta" => "8"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Autoimmunity in common variable immunodeficiency"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "S&#46; Agarwal"
                            1 => "C&#46; Cunningham-Rundles"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.anai.2019.07.014"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol"
                        "fecha" => "2019"
                        "volumen" => "123"
                        "paginaInicial" => "454"
                        "paginaFinal" => "460"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31349011"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            8 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0045"
              "etiqueta" => "9"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Association of common variable immunodeficiency and rare and complex connective tissue and musculoskeletal diseases&#46; A systematic literature review"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "J&#46; Mucke"
                            1 => "A&#46; Corner"
                            2 => "T&#46; Witte"
                            3 => "M&#46; Schneider"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Clin Exp Rheum"
                        "fecha" => "2022"
                        "volumen" => "40 Suppl 134"
                        "paginaInicial" => "S40"
                        "paginaFinal" => "S45"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            9 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0050"
              "etiqueta" => "10"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Rheumatologic manifestations of primary immunodeficiency diseases"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "V&#46; Dimitriades"
                            1 => "R&#46; Sorensen"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1007/s10067-016-3229-6"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Clin Rheumatol"
                        "fecha" => "2016"
                        "volumen" => "35"
                        "paginaInicial" => "843"
                        "paginaFinal" => "850"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26971790"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
  ]
  "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
  "url" => "/21735743/0000002000000007/v1_202408190635/S2173574324000856/v1_202408190635/en/main.assets"
  "Apartado" => array:4 [
    "identificador" => "43296"
    "tipo" => "SECCION"
    "en" => array:2 [
      "titulo" => "Case report"
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
  ]
  "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/21735743/0000002000000007/v1_202408190635/S2173574324000856/v1_202408190635/en/main.pdf?idApp=UINPBA00004M&text.app=https://www.reumatologiaclinica.org/"
  "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2173574324000856?idApp=UINPBA00004M"
]
Share
Journal Information
Vol. 20. Issue 7.
Pages 398-400 (August - September 2024)
Share
Share
Download PDF
More article options
Vol. 20. Issue 7.
Pages 398-400 (August - September 2024)
Case Report
Autoimmunity in patients with inborn errors of immunity: A case series
Autoinmunidad en pacientes con errores innatos de la inmunidad: serie de casos
Mariana Gamboa Espíndolaa, Eduardo Martín-Naresb, Gabriela Hernández Molinab,
Corresponding author
gabyhm@yahoo.com

Corresponding author.
a Departamento de Medicina Interna, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
b Departamento de Inmunología y Reumatología, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán. Mexico City, Mexico
Article information
Abstract
Full Text
Bibliography
Download PDF
Statistics
Figures (1)
Tables (1)
Table 1. Patients with inborn errors of immunity and systemic autoimmune diseases.
Abstract
Objective

To assess the prevalence of systemic and organ-specific autoimmunity among individuals with human inborn errors of immunity (IEI).

Methods

Retrospective study. We recorded demographic variables, type of immunodeficiency, and systemic and organ specific autoimmunity.

Results

We included 48 patients (54.1% men) with mean age of 32.1 years. The most common IEIs included combined immunodeficiency with syndromic features (31.2%) and predominantly antibody deficiency (20.1%). We observed autoimmunity in 15 patients (31.2%): 12 organ-specific autoimmunity and 5 systemic autoimmunity, not mutually exclusive groups. Organ-specific autoimmunity preceded the onset of IEI in 5 patients, was concurrent in one patient, and developed after the diagnosis of IEI in 6 cases. From the systemic autoimmunity group, we observed polyarteritis nodosa (n = 2), antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) (n = 2), and overlap of limited systemic sclerosis/APS/Sjögren's syndrome (n = 1), and in all cases, this occurred after the IEI diagnosis.

Conclusion

Our findings confirm the coexistence of autoimmunity and IEI. This overlap may be attributed to B and T cell disorders, as well as potential alterations in the microbiota in these patients.

Keywords:
Primary immunodeficiency
Autoimmunity
Systemic autoimmunity
Innate immunity disorder
Resumen
Objetivo

Evaluar la prevalencia de autoinmunidad sistémica e inmunidad órgano-específica en pacientes con errores innatos de la inmunidad (EII) en un centro de tercer nivel de atención.

Métodos

Estudio retrospectivo. Se registraron variables demográficas, tipo de inmunodeficiencia, y autoinmunidad órgano-específica y sistémica.

Resultados

Se incluyeron 48 pacientes (54.1% hombres) con edad promedio de 32.1 años. Las EIIs más frecuente fueron inmunodeficiencia combinada con características sindrómicas (31.2%) y deficiencia predominantemente de anticuerpos (20.1%). Documentamos autoinmunidad en 15 pacientes (31.2%): 12 órgano-específica y 5 sistémica, grupos no mutuamente excluyentes. La autoinmunidad órgano-específica precedió en 5 pacientes a la EII, en 1 fue concomitante y en 6 posterior. Del grupo de autoinmunidad sistémica observamos poliarteritis nodosa (n = 2), síndrome antifosfolípido (SAF) (n = 2) y sobreposición esclerosis sistémica limitada/SAF/Síndrome de Sjögren (n = 1), y en todos fue posterior a la EII.

Conclusión

Nuestros hallazgos apoyan la coexistencia de autoinmunidad en EII. Esta coexistencia podría deberse a una alteración inmunológica en células B y T, así como al posible papel de una microbiota alterada en estos pacientes.

Palabras clave:
Inmunodeficiencia primaria
Autoinmunidad
Autoinmunidad sistémica
Errores innatos de la inmunidad

Article

These are the options to access the full texts of the publication Reumatología Clínica (English Edition)
Member
If you are member of Sociedad Española de Reumatología (SER) or the Colegio Mexicano de Reumatología (CMR):
Please go to the member area of SER or CMR and log in.
Subscriber
Subscriber

If you already have your login data, please click here .

If you have forgotten your password you can you can recover it by clicking here and selecting the option “I have forgotten my password”
Subscribe
Subscribe to

Reumatología Clínica (English Edition)

Purchase
Purchase article

Purchasing article the PDF version will be downloaded

Price 19.34 €

Purchase now
Contact
Phone for subscriptions and reporting of errors
From Monday to Friday from 9 a.m. to 6 p.m. (GMT + 1) except for the months of July and August which will be from 9 a.m. to 3 p.m.
Calls from Spain
932 415 960
Calls from outside Spain
+34 932 415 960
Email
Idiomas
Reumatología Clínica (English Edition)
Article options
Tools
es en

¿Es usted profesional sanitario apto para prescribir o dispensar medicamentos?

Are you a health professional able to prescribe or dispense drugs?