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Vol. 21. Issue 9.
(November 2025)
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Vol. 21. Issue 9.
(November 2025)
Original article
Exploring the prevalence of pulmonary involvement in juvenile-onset systemic lupus erythematosus: Data from the UK JSLE Cohort Study
Exploración de la prevalencia de la afectación pulmonar en el lupus eritematoso sistémico juvenil: datos del estudio de cohorte JSLE del Reino Unido
Ayodele Faleyea,1, Kamran Mahmooda, Eslam Al-Abadib, Kate Armonc, Kathryn Baileyd, Mary Brennane, Coziana Ciurtinf, Janet Gardner-Medwing, Kirsty Haslamh, Daniel Hawleyi, Alice Leahyj, Heather Rostronk, Gulshan Malikl, Zoe McLarenm, Elena Moraitisn, Athimalaipet Ramanano, Rangaraj Satyapalp, Philip Rileyq, Ethan Senr, Alison Kinders..., Nick Wilkinsont, Christian Hedricha,b, Michael Beresforda,u, Eve Smitha,u,
Corresponding author
esmith8@liverpool.ac.uk

Corresponding author.
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a Department of Paediatric Rheumatology, Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust Hospital, Liverpool, UK
b Department of Rheumatology, Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham, UK
c Department of Paediatric Rheumatology, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge, UK
d Department of Paediatric Rheumatology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
e Department of Paediatric Rheumatology, Royal Hospital for Sick Children, Edinburgh, UK
f Centre for Adolescent Rheumatology, University College London, London, UK
g Department of Child Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
h Department of Paediatrics, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Bradford, UK
i Department of Paediatric Rheumatology, Sheffield Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
j Department of Paediatric Rheumatology, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
k Department of Paediatric Rheumatology, Leeds Children Hospital, Leeds, UK
l Paediatric Rheumatology, Royal Aberdeen Children's Hospital, Aberdeen, UK
m Rheumatology Department, Liverpool University Hospitals Foundation Trust, UK
n Department of Paediatric Rheumatology, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
o Department of Paediatric Rheumatology, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust & Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
p Department of Paediatric Rheumatology, Nottingham University Hospitals, Nottingham, UK
q Department of Paediatric Rheumatology, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester, UK
r Paediatric Rheumatology, Great North Children's Hospital & Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
s Department of Rheumatology, University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester, UK
t Guy's & St Thomas's NHS Foundation Trust, Evelina Children's Hospital, London, UK
u Department of Women's & Children's Health, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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Statistics
Tables (4)
Table 1. Patient demographics for all JSLE patients, with a comparison of those with/without pulmonary involvement.
Tables
Table 2. Pulmonary manifestations at diagnosis and during follow-up.
Tables
Table 3. Classification criteria, disease activity, and organ damage in patients with/without pulmonary involvement.
Tables
Table 4. Co-existing BILAG-2004 defined organ domain involvement in patients with/without pulmonary involvement at diagnosis.
Tables
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Abstract
Background

Juvenile-onset systemic lupus erythematosus (JSLE) is a rare autoimmune disease with significant morbidity and mortality. Pulmonary manifestations in JSLE have not been comprehensively described in the literature to date.

Objectives

To report the frequency, clinical, and demographic characteristics of JSLE patients with pulmonary manifestations compared to those without.

Methods

United Kingdom (UK) JSLE Cohort Study participants aged<18 years at diagnosis, with ≥4 American College of Rheumatology (ACR-1997) criteria for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), were eligible. Patients were grouped according to the presence or absence of pulmonary involvement. Pulmonary manifestations were described at diagnosis, 1-year, 2-year, and 5-year follow-up. Demographics and clinical characteristics of patients with/without pulmonary manifestations were compared.

Results

480 JSLE patients were included. Overall, 24.8% had pulmonary manifestations; 22.7% at diagnosis, 19.1% at 1 year, 17.2% at 2 years, and 22.4% patients at 5 years after diagnosis. Overall, the commonest manifestation was pulmonary serositis. Pulmonary involvement was associated with higher American College of Rheumatology (ACR)-1997 scores (p<0.002) and higher pediatric version of British Isles Lupus Assessment Group (pBILAG) scores (p<0.001) at diagnosis but there were no differences in Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinic Damage Index (SLICC-SDI) scores (p>0.05). pBILAG defined pulmonary involvement was associated with increased frequency of constitutional (48.3 vs 26.1%), musculoskeletal (49.1 vs 26.1%), gastrointestinal (10.3 vs 3.8%), and hematological (37.9 vs 20.6%) involvement (all p<0.05).

Conclusion

Pulmonary disease is common in JSLE. It is associated with wider organ involvement, suggesting a need for close monitoring and prompt treatment.

Keywords:
Juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus
Childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus
Pulmonary manifestations
Organ involvement
Serositis
Resumen
Antecedentes

El lupus eritematoso sistémico juvenil (LESJ) es una enfermedad autoinmune rara con un impacto negativo en morbimortalidad. Las manifestaciones pulmonares en el LESJ no han sido descritas de manera exhaustiva en la literatura.

Objetivos

Informar sobre la frecuencia, las características clínicas y demográficas de los pacientes con LESJ con manifestaciones pulmonares en comparación con aquellos sin ellas.

Métodos

Fueron elegibles aquellos participantes de la cohorte «United Kingdom (UK) JSLE Cohort Study» que fueron diagnosticados siendo menores de 18 años, con4 criterios del ACR-1997 para LES. Los participantes se agruparon según la presencia o ausencia de afectación pulmonar. Se describieron las manifestaciones pulmonares en el momento del diagnóstico y después del diagnóstico a los 1, 2 y 5 años.

Resultados

Se incluyeron 480 pacientes con LESJ. En general, el 24,8% presentaron manifestaciones pulmonares; el 22,7% en el diagnóstico, el 19,1% al año tras el diagnostico, el 17,2% a los 2 años tras el diagnóstico y el 22,4% a los 5 años tras el diagnóstico. En general, la manifestación más común fue la serositis pulmonar. La afectación pulmonar se asoció con puntuaciones más altas del ACR-1997 (p<0,002) y puntuaciones más altas de la versión pediátrica del pBILAG (p<0,001) en el momento del diagnóstico, pero no hubo diferencias en las puntuaciones del SLICC-SDI (p>0,05). La afectación pulmonar definida por pBILAG se asoció con una mayor frecuencia de afectación constitucional (48,3 vs. 26,1%), musculoesquelética (49,1 vs. 26,1%), gastrointestinal (10,3 vs. 3,8%) y hematológica (37,9 vs. 20,6%) (todas p<0,05).

Conclusión

La enfermedad pulmonar es común en el LESJ. Dicha enfermedad está asociada con una mayor afectación de órganos, lo que sugiere la necesidad de un seguimiento cercano y un tratamiento rápido.

Palabras clave:
Lupus eritematoso sistémico juvenil
Lupus eritematoso sistémico de inicio en la infancia
Manifestaciones pulmonares
Afectación de órganos
Serositis

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