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Vol. 6. Issue 5.
Pages 256-261 (September - October 2010)
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Vol. 6. Issue 5.
Pages 256-261 (September - October 2010)
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Tuberculosis in a cohort of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus
Tuberculosis en una cohorte de pacientes con lupus eritematoso sistémico
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Rocío González León, Rocío Garrido Rasco, Eduardo Chinchilla Palomares, Francisco José García Hernández, M. Jesús Castillo Palma, Julio Sánchez Román
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Unidad de Colagenosis e Hipertensión Pulmonar, Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain
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Abstract
Objectives

1) To study tuberculosis (TB) infection in a cohort of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and to compare its frequency and characteristics with that of others series. 2) To look for differential characteristic among SLE patients with and without TB. 3) To investigate if there was any relationship between TB's most severe forms and higher doses of glucocorticoids (GC) or other immunosuppressants.

Patients and method

Retrospective review of medical records of 789 SLE patients and description of the clinical characteristics of 13 cases of active TB infection among them. Bibliographical search in MEDLINE-PubMed of the SLE/TB series published, using the terms: infection, tuberculosis, systemic lupus erythematosus. Comparative study of clinical, biological and therapeutic differences between cases (SLE/ TB+) and controls (SLE/TB) using χ2 and Fisher exact test.

Results

Thirteen patients with active tuberculosis were detected (10 women, average age 36 years/SD 11.2/prevalence 1.6%). Nine (69.2%) of them were primary infections and 4 (30.8%) reactivations. Microbiological diagnosis (smear examination for acid-fast bacilli and/or culture on Lowestein-Jensen medium) was established in 11 patients (84.6%). TB Pulmonary manifestations was present in 9 patients (69.2%) and extrapulmonary manifestations were found in 8 [(61.5%); 6 of them (46%) were disseminated forms]. Nine (69.2%) patients were on GC therapy at the moment TB was diagnosed. Four of the TB patients died (30.8%). Myositis was more frequent in TB cases (P<.05). This data is similar to that reported in the literature.

Conclusions

In our series, TB mortality was high (30.8%) in a patients with SLE. Frequency of extrapulmonary forms was double than that described in the Spanish population. Patients with higher GC dose had more severe forms of TB

Keywords:
Infection
Tuberculosis
Systemic lupus erythematosus
Resumen
Objetivos

Analizar los casos de tuberculosis (TB) en una cohorte de pacientes con lupus eritematoso sistémico (LES) y comparar la frecuencia y características de la TB en nuestra serie con las de otras series publicadas; identificar características diferenciales entre los pacientes que presentaron TB y los que no la presentaron, y evaluar si las formas más graves se relacionaron con dosis más altas de glucocorticoides (GC) u otros inmunosupresores.

Material y método

Análisis descriptivo de 13 pacientes con TB de una serie de 789 pacientes con LES. Revisión de las historias clínicas de los casos. Búsqueda bibliográfica en MEDLINE-PubMed de las series LES/TB publicadas, utilizando los términos «infection», «tuberculosis», «lupus erythematosus». Estudio comparativo de casos (LES/TB+) y controles (LES/TB–) en cuanto a las características clínicas, de laboratorio y el tratamiento realizado, mediante test χ2 y test exacto de Fisher.

Resultados

Trece pacientes estuvieron afectados por TB (10 mujeres, con edad media de 36 años; DE de 11,2, y prevalencia del 1,6%). Se diagnosticaron 9 primoinfecciones (69,2%) y 4 reactivaciones (30,8%). El diagnóstico se confirmó mediante aislamiento microbiológico (baciloscopia y/o cultivo) en 11 casos (84,6%). La afectación pulmonar fue la más frecuente (69,2%). Ocho pacientes (61,5%) presentaron formas extrapulmonares, de las que 6 (46%) fueron diseminadas. En el momento del diagnóstico, 9 pacientes (69,2%) recibían tratamiento con GC. Fallecieron 4 pacientes (30,8%). La afectación muscular fue más frecuente en el grupo casos (p<0,05).

Conclusiones

La TB en nuestra serie supuso una alta mortalidad (30,8%) en los enfermos con LES. Las formas extrapulmonares representaron el doble con respecto a la observada en la población general. Los pacientes que recibieron dosis mayores de GC fueron los que presentaron formas más graves de TB. Los datos son similares a los publicados en la mayoría de las series nacionales y extranjeras.

Palabras clave:
Infección
Tuberculosis
Lupus eritematoso sistémico
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