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implicada una disregulaci&#243;n de la respuesta inmune con linfopenia&#44; aumento de citoquinas proinflamatorias &#40;IL-1&#44; IL-2&#44; IL-6&#44; IL-7 o TNF alfa&#41; y un descenso del gamma-interfer&#243;n&#46; Esto conduce a un s&#237;ndrome inflamatorio sist&#233;mico con elevaci&#243;n de reactantes de fase aguda como la prote&#237;na C reactiva y ferritina<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">El tratamiento de esta fase inflamatoria con f&#225;rmacos como la dexametasona o el tocilizumab ha demostrado reducir la mortalidad<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0065"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4&#44;5</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">El anakinra&#44; un antagonista del receptor de la IL-1&#44; recientemente ha obtenido la aprobaci&#243;n de la EMA para el tratamiento en pacientes adultos con neumon&#237;a COVID-19 y riesgo de progresi&#243;n a insuficiencia respiratoria grave en base al ensayo cl&#237;nico SAVE MORE que demostr&#243; una reducci&#243;n de mortalidad a 28 d&#237;as y de la estancia hospitalaria en aquellos tratados precozmente con anakinra<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0075"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Respecto a los tratamientos de rescate en pacientes con mala evoluci&#243;n cl&#237;nica a pesar de corticoides y&#47;o inmunomoduladores existe poca evidencia&#46; En un art&#237;culo publicado por nuestro grupo<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0080"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> analizamos a 143 pacientes con neumon&#237;a moderada&#47;grave por SARS-CoV-2 e hiperinflamaci&#243;n tratados con diversos reg&#237;menes en base a los protocolos de esa fecha&#46; Observamos que en aquellos que no hab&#237;an respondido a corticoides con o sin tocilizumab&#44; el tratamiento con anakinra podr&#237;a ser una alternativa &#250;til&#46; Nuestros pacientes recibieron el primer d&#237;a 100<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;12<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h si pesaban entre 50 y 60<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>kg&#44; 100<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;8<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h entre 60 y 75<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>kg o 100<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;6<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h si pesaban &#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>75<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>kg&#46; Posteriormente todos recibieron 100<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;12<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h desde el d&#237;a 2 hasta el d&#237;a 6&#46; Tras el ajuste por edad e &#237;ndices de gravedad cl&#237;nica&#44; la administraci&#243;n de anakinra se asoci&#243; con una reducci&#243;n del riesgo de mortalidad &#40;HR&#59; 0&#44;518&#59; IC del 95&#37;&#58; 0&#44;265-0&#44;910&#59;&#160;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;0437&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">En el caso publicado por Figuero-P&#233;rez et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> consideramos que no puede sugerirse que la mejor&#237;a cl&#237;nica del paciente se debiera al anakinra al haberse administrado una dosis &#250;nica de 100<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#46; 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Carta al Editor
Anakinra, una alternativa potencial en el tratamiento de la infección respiratoria grave por SARS-CoV-2 refractaria a tocilizumab: comentario
Anakinra as a potential alternative in the treatment of severe acute respiratory infection associated with SARS-CoV-2 refractory to tocilizumab: coment
Ismael Francisco Aomar-Millána,
Autor para correspondencia
iaomarmillan@hotmail.com

Autor para correspondencia.
, Juan Salvatierrab, José Luis Callejas-Rubioa, Enrique Raya-Álvarezb
a Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Clínico Universitario San Cecilio, Granada, España
b Servicio de Reumatología, Hospital Clínico Universitario San Cecilio, Granada, España
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        "titulo" => "Anakinra as a potential alternative in the treatment of severe acute respiratory infection associated with SARS-CoV-2 refractory to tocilizumab&#58; coment"
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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Hemos le&#237;do con inter&#233;s el art&#237;culo de Figuero-P&#233;rez et al&#46; publicado en el &#250;ltimo n&#250;mero de su revista en el que se sugiere la utilidad de anakinra en la infecci&#243;n respiratoria grave por SARS-CoV-2 refractaria a tocilizumab<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> y nos gustar&#237;a realizar algunas observaciones&#46;</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">El curso cl&#237;nico de la infecci&#243;n por SARS-CoV-2 presenta tres fases cl&#237;nicas bien diferenciadas<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a>&#46; En la inicial hay una replicaci&#243;n viral con s&#237;ntomas gripales y posteriormente algunos pacientes progresan&#44; entre el d&#237;a 6 y 13 del inicio de los s&#237;ntomas&#44; a una fase hiperinflamatoria con el desarrollo de una neumon&#237;a que puede evolucionar a un s&#237;ndrome de distr&#233;s respiratorio&#46;</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">En la patogenia de la infecci&#243;n grave por SARS-CoV-2 est&#225; implicada una disregulaci&#243;n de la respuesta inmune con linfopenia&#44; aumento de citoquinas proinflamatorias &#40;IL-1&#44; IL-2&#44; IL-6&#44; IL-7 o TNF alfa&#41; y un descenso del gamma-interfer&#243;n&#46; Esto conduce a un s&#237;ndrome inflamatorio sist&#233;mico con elevaci&#243;n de reactantes de fase aguda como la prote&#237;na C reactiva y ferritina<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">El tratamiento de esta fase inflamatoria con f&#225;rmacos como la dexametasona o el tocilizumab ha demostrado reducir la mortalidad<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0065"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4&#44;5</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">El anakinra&#44; un antagonista del receptor de la IL-1&#44; recientemente ha obtenido la aprobaci&#243;n de la EMA para el tratamiento en pacientes adultos con neumon&#237;a COVID-19 y riesgo de progresi&#243;n a insuficiencia respiratoria grave en base al ensayo cl&#237;nico SAVE MORE que demostr&#243; una reducci&#243;n de mortalidad a 28 d&#237;as y de la estancia hospitalaria en aquellos tratados precozmente con anakinra<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0075"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Respecto a los tratamientos de rescate en pacientes con mala evoluci&#243;n cl&#237;nica a pesar de corticoides y&#47;o inmunomoduladores existe poca evidencia&#46; En un art&#237;culo publicado por nuestro grupo<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0080"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> analizamos a 143 pacientes con neumon&#237;a moderada&#47;grave por SARS-CoV-2 e hiperinflamaci&#243;n tratados con diversos reg&#237;menes en base a los protocolos de esa fecha&#46; Observamos que en aquellos que no hab&#237;an respondido a corticoides con o sin tocilizumab&#44; el tratamiento con anakinra podr&#237;a ser una alternativa &#250;til&#46; Nuestros pacientes recibieron el primer d&#237;a 100<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;12<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h si pesaban entre 50 y 60<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>kg&#44; 100<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;8<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h entre 60 y 75<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>kg o 100<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;6<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h si pesaban &#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>75<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>kg&#46; Posteriormente todos recibieron 100<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;12<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h desde el d&#237;a 2 hasta el d&#237;a 6&#46; Tras el ajuste por edad e &#237;ndices de gravedad cl&#237;nica&#44; la administraci&#243;n de anakinra se asoci&#243; con una reducci&#243;n del riesgo de mortalidad &#40;HR&#59; 0&#44;518&#59; IC del 95&#37;&#58; 0&#44;265-0&#44;910&#59;&#160;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;0437&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">En el caso publicado por Figuero-P&#233;rez et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> consideramos que no puede sugerirse que la mejor&#237;a cl&#237;nica del paciente se debiera al anakinra al haberse administrado una dosis &#250;nica de 100<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#46; Dado que la vida media del anakinra es de 4-6<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h y la del tocilizumab en torno a 6 d&#237;as es probable que la mejor&#237;a del paciente fuera por el efecto de este &#250;ltimo&#46; Actualmente no existe consenso sobre las dosis &#243;ptimas de anakinra en este contexto cl&#237;nico&#44; pero en la literatura cient&#237;fica se han empleado dosis mayores y m&#225;s prolongadas en el tiempo<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0085"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8&#44;9</span></a>&#46;</p></span>"
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Información del artículo
ISSN: 1699258X
Idioma original: Español
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2022 Agosto 41 0 41
2022 Julio 58 6 64
2022 Junio 78 2 80
2022 Mayo 169 2 171
2022 Abril 334 2 336
2022 Marzo 229 4 233
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Idiomas
Reumatología Clínica
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¿Es usted profesional sanitario apto para prescribir o dispensar medicamentos?

Are you a health professional able to prescribe or dispense drugs?